《图解TCP/IP》笔记
第1章·网络基础知识
1.1 计算机网络出现背景
从独立模式到网络互联模式
It comes ture the sharing of computer resource and users can enjoy services on their own computers at the same time.
计算机网络分类（规模）
- Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- Local Area Network (LAN)
Tips:
- 邮件组：This means that administrator’s new email will be send to all group members.
- SNS: Social network like WeChat circle of friends.
1.2 发展的七个阶段
批处理 Batch Processing
At first, people used 卡带 to place process and send it into Batch Processing System.
分时系统 Time Sharing System
Many people use their own machine connected to the main server, which makes them feel like as if they have monopolized server.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a collective name of communication protocols.
Tips:
- The Time Sharing System does not solve the problem of communication between computers. It was time to develop computer communication technology!
- IP: Internet Protocol
- SOHO: Small Office and Home Office.This means that companies where employees work in small offices or just at home.
- VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol. A service for transmitting voice over Internet Protocol.
- iSCSI:Internet Small Computer Systems Interface
1.3 协议
| Network architecture | Protocols | Main purpose |
|---|---|---|
| TCP/IP | IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, TELNET. SNMP. SMTP.. | Internet、LAN |
| IPX/SPX (NetWare) |
IPX，SPX，NPC… | PC LAN |
| AppleTalk | DDP,RTMP,AEP,ATP,ZIP… | Apple productions’LAN |
| DECnet | DPR,NSP,SCP… | Front DEC minicomputer |
| OSI | FTAM, MOIS, VT, CMIS/CMIP, CLNP, CONP… | - |
| XNS | IDP,SPP,PEP | Xerox Network |
CPU 与 OS
CPU ARM | X86
OS
UNIX、Windows、Mac OS X、Linux
Protocol
Because the difference of CPU and OS, in order to transmit data correctky, they should abide same Protocol
分组交换协议
将大数据分割为若干个小包(Packet)，更高效、稳定地传输
包（Packet）
内含报文首部： 由源主机地址（发送端地址）和目标地址（接收端地址）组成。
为了让不用型号的器械可以互相接、发包，协议应运而生。